Amurka
Babu Sakamako
Akwai sabon tsarin rikodin sauti mai suna .flac. Wannan yana nufin "Codec Audio marasa Rasa Kyauta." An kafa gidauniyar Xiph.org kuma an haɓaka shi a cikin 1994. Xiph.org Foundation ƙungiya ce mai zaman kanta wacce ke samar da kayan aikin buɗaɗɗen tushen software da kuma tsarin multimedia. Flac wani nau'i ne na rikodin sauti don fayilolin matsawa marasa asara. Lokacin da aka haɓaka wannan, yana samuwa azaman shirin software na kyauta. Flac yana da ikon damfara da rage girman fayil a ko'ina daga 50% zuwa 70% idan aka kwatanta da WAV ko wasu nau'ikan da ba su da asara kuma yana iya sake fitar da sautinsa mara asara. Wannan kyakkyawan kayan aiki ne idan an iyakance ku akan sarari ko ba ku son amfani da WAV saboda fayilolin suna da girma sosai. Flac yana ba da matsawa ba tare da sadaukar da inganci ba. Rage girman 50% zuwa 70% na iya samar da ƙarin sarari don wasu aikace-aikacen da ba zai iya ba ta amfani da WAV. Rashin hasara yana nufin babu asarar ingancin sauti mai jiwuwa kuma daidai ne a cikin masana'antar kiɗa. Flac yana ba da babbar fa'ida ga aikace-aikacen da yawa.
MP3, kuma aka sani da MPEG Layer 3, tsarin fayil ne na dijital na dijital wanda ke adanawa da raba fayilolin mai jiwuwa. Kbps, wanda aka sani da kilobits a sakan daya, yana nufin "bitrate," wanda shine ingancin fayil ɗin mai jiwuwa da girman matsawa. 128kb shine girman fayil ɗin MP3 wanda ke da bitrate na kilobits 128 a sakan daya. Wannan yana da ƙananan idan aka kwatanta da 256 ko 320, wanda shine mafi girman ingancin tsarin sauti na MP3. Wannan yana sa girman fayil ɗin ya fi dacewa don adanawa da rabawa akan intanit. Mummunan tasirin wannan zai zama cewa ƙananan bitrates yana haifar da ƙananan ingancin fayil ɗin sauti.
MP3 256kb shine bitrate na fayil ɗin MP3, wanda ke ba da damar adadin bayanan da aka sarrafa kowace daƙiƙa ta hanyar kunna sauti. Mafi girman bitrate, girman girman fayil ɗin. Wannan yana haifar da ingantacciyar inganci. Girman fayil ɗin 256 kb shine cewa fayil ɗin mai jiwuwa yana da bitrate na kilobits 256 a sakan daya. Wannan ya fi girma idan aka kwatanta, misali, zuwa fayil ɗin 64kb, wanda yawanci girman fayil ɗin sautin ringi ne. Dalilin da ke bayan "ƙarar sauti" ya dogara da abubuwa kamar saitunan ɓoye, na'urorin sake kunnawa, da kayan tushe. Zaɓin ingancin sauti ya dogara da yadda ake rarraba fayil ɗin mai jiwuwa. Misali, yin rikodin fayil mai jiwuwa a cikin ɗakin karatu (.wav) idan aka kwatanta da zazzagewar dijital (128-320kb.)
Halin 320kb yana nufin girman fayil ɗin bitrate na kilobits 320 a sakan daya, wanda shine mafi girman bitrate tsakanin girman fayilolin MP3 da ke akwai don saukewa. Babban bitrate, kamar 320kb, yana haifar da ingantacciyar inganci yayin da ake amfani da ƙarin bayanai don ɓoye bayanan mai jiwuwa. A 320kb, fayil ɗin mai jiwuwa zai iya zama mafi girma fiye da 128 ko 256. Duk da haka, yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa ingancin fayil ɗin mai jiwuwa ya dogara da wasu dalilai, gami da kayan tushe, saitunan ɓoyewa, kuma, mafi mahimmanci, na'urar sake kunnawa.
WAV ko Waveform Audio Tsarin Fayil ɗin Fayil ɗin Fayil ɗin sauti ne wanda ake amfani dashi don adana rikodin sauti na dijital a mafi girman ingancin fayil ɗin sauti. WAV fayil ne ba tare da matsawa ba. Ana yin rikodin WAV a cikin ainihin girman fayil ɗin. IBM da Microsoft sun haɓaka WAV a farkon shekarun 1990 a matsayin ma'auni don adana fayilolin odiyo na dijital akan kwamfutoci. WAV yana da cikakkiyar inganci; duk da haka, kasawar ita ce kuma babban fayil ne. WAV ba shi da kowane metadata. Metadata yana gano bayanai kamar masu fasaha, take, shekara, lambar waƙa, da sauransu. WAV shine ma'aunin masana'antu a cikin samar da kiɗa saboda ingancin sautin. Injiniyoyin sauti da masu kera kiɗan sun ce yana kuma ba da mafi girman kewayo da zurfin sautin da ba ya samuwa a cikin wasu nau'ikan. WAV ya yi fiye da zama ma'auni don ajiyar sauti na kwamfuta; ya ɗauki matsayin mafi kyawun tsarin fayil ɗin odiyo. Yau, WAV shine daidaitaccen tsarin fayil mai jiwuwa a cikin masana'antar kiɗa kuma shine mafi girman inganci a cikin fayil mai jiwuwa. Ana iya amfani da WAV akan kowace na'ura, kamar DVD, TV, iPad, kwamfuta, da dai sauransu, WAV a da tana da matsala da wayoyi saboda girman, amma yanzu wayoyi suna iya ɗaukar 64 GB zuwa 1T na bayanai, ba a'a. matsala mai tsawo.
Sautin ringi da ko gyara sautin ringi yana nufin tsarin ragewa ko yanke wani sashe na fayil mai jiwuwa don ƙirƙirar sautin ringi ga abin da kuka fi so. Ta hanyar siye ko zazzage sautin ringi, yana iya zama cikakkiyar sigar waƙar, ko yana iya zama faifan bidiyo na daƙiƙa 30 wanda ba shi da ƙayyadaddun tsari.Yin amfani da gyara sautin ringi zai iya ba ka damar zaɓar wani yanki na fayil ɗin mai jiwuwa. A yau, yawancin wayoyi da apps an ƙirƙira su don bawa mai amfani damar gyara sautunan ringi cikin sauƙi da daidaita sautunan ringi ta hanyar daidaita wurin farawa da ƙarshen fayil ɗin. waveform na audio file kuma datsa shi zuwa ga abin da suka fi so.Wannan kayan aiki ne mai daɗi, zaku iya kasancewa a saman duk sanarwarku masu shigowa kuma ku ji daɗi da sautunan ringi daban-daban. yanzu ya shigo da sautin ringi. Keɓance kowane sautin ringi don sanarwa daban-daban kamar wasiku mai shigowa, rubutu mai shigowa, saƙonnin Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, faɗakarwar yanayi, da sauransu. Baya ga daidaitattun sautunan ringi, kuna iya datsa waƙar da aka fi so ko fayil mai jiwuwa don kawai ta buga ɗan gajeren yanki. Amfani da datsa sautin ringi zai iya ba ka damar zaɓar wani yanki na fayil ɗin mai jiwuwa ko aya kawai maimakon dukan waƙar. Sashen da aka saba gyara don yin sautin ringi zai zama waƙa mai kayatarwa ko waƙar da kuka fi so. Wataƙila waƙar ku ta bikin aure lokacin da mijinki ya kira ki ko ya yi miki text, ko kuma waƙar da mahaifiyarki ta fi so a lokacin da ta kira ki ko ta yi miki text. Yawancin mutane ba su san cewa yawancin wayoyi da apps an ƙera su don ba da damar mai amfani don sauƙaƙe da daidaita sautunan ringi ta hanyar daidaita wurin farawa da ƙarshen fayil ɗin mai jiwuwa. Anyi wannan tsari ta hanyar amfani da mahaɗar gani da ke ba mai amfani damar duba sigar motsin fayil ɗin mai jiwuwa kuma a datse shi zuwa ga abin da suke so. Sigar motsin sauti yana ba ku damar ganin daidai inda waƙoƙin da aka fi so ko waƙar suka fara, sannan zaku iya zaɓar daidai inda kuke son ƙarewa.
Shin kun yarda cewa kiɗan koyaushe yana haifar da abubuwan al'ajabi da kwanciyar hankali a cikin zuciya? Kuma salon hip-hop Har yanzu wani nau'i ne wanda har yanzu mutane ke so a kowane zamani. Kuma hakan ba zai yiwu ba cewa kowane salon waka har yanzu yana da kamshin da ke tattare da al’adu da bambance-bambancen mutane a cikin wakokin wakar. Kuma wannan ya sa hip-hop har yanzu ana magana akai. A bayyane yake cewa sauraron kiɗan hip-hop yana sa mu kullum jin cewa suna magana ta hanyar rera waƙa da sadarwa ta hanyar kiɗa ko kiɗan da suka dace da yanayin ko mutanen da suke saurare. H Hip-hop a cikin shekarun 1970 ya shahara sosai. Kuma ba shakka, a kowane lokaci, akwai ko da yaushe rashin bin ka'ida. Ba a yi rikodin waƙar Hip-hop ba a hukumance a rediyo ko talabijin har zuwa 1979, galibi saboda talauci a lokacin haihuwarsa da kuma rashin karɓuwa daga al'ummar baki. Wannan nau'in ya fara yaduwa ta cikin rufaffiyar jam'iyyun a cikin al'ummar baki. Wannan abu ɗaya ne da ke sa mu nuna mahimmancin ƙungiyar mutanen da ke da bambancin. Komai irin salon kiɗan da kuke sauraro, koyaushe zamu iya koya daga bambance-bambance don zama kyakkyawa.
Ta yaya waƙar pop ta yi tasiri ko ta samo asali? Kuma shin gaskiya ne cewa yana da sauƙin ji da sauraron kowane shekaru? Domin yawancin mutane sun yi imanin cewa waƙa ta samo asali ne daga al'adu da fasaha waɗanda a koyaushe suke haɗuwa. Kuma ta yaya har yanzu waƙa ce mai ban sha'awa ga masu son kiɗa?, Wa ya san ko salon waƙar pop ya kasance da gaske na zamani ko na mazan jiya? A gaskiya ma, kiɗan pop ya samo asali tare da ma'anarsa. Kamar yadda marubucin kiɗa, Bill Lamb ya faɗa, waƙar pop “duk nau’ikan kiɗa ne tun daga juyin juya halin masana’antu na 1800s waɗanda suka yi kama da ɗanɗano da bukatu na tsakiyar birane.” Kalmar “pop music” an fara amfani da ita ne a shekara ta 1926 don nufin kiɗan da “ya shahara tsakanin jama’a.” ” Hatch da Millward suna jayayya cewa abubuwa da yawa a tarihin rikodi na shekarun 1920 ana ɗaukar su a matsayin wurin haifuwar masana’antar kiɗa ta zamani, gami da ƙasa, blues, da hillbilly. An samar da waƙar Pop a matsayin ƙoƙari, ba a matsayin hanyar fasaha ba, "kuma an tsara shi don jan hankalin kowa," amma "ba a samo asali daga wani wuri ɗaya ba ko bayyana wani dandano na musamman." Frith ya kara da cewa, "Babu wani babban buri ne ke tafiyar da wakokin Pop, sai dai don samun riba da lada na kasuwanci, da kuma waka, ba wani babban buri ne ke tafiyar da shi ba, sai don samun riba da lada." Waƙar Pop tana da mahimmancin mazan jiya. Ya zo daga sama (ta alamar rikodin, rediyo da masu tallata kide-kide) maimakon daga ƙasa. Ba kiɗan da aka yi da kansa ba, sai dai ƙwararriyar ƙira ce da kuma kiɗe-kiɗe, kuma galibi ana ambata a matsayin mafi kyawun kiɗan pop. Kamar yadda Frith ya sanya shi, halayen kiɗan kiɗan sun haɗa da manufarta don jan hankalin jama'a gabaɗaya maimakon ƙayyadaddun al'adu ko akida, da kuma ba da fifiko ga sana'a maimakon halaye na "zane-zane".
Lokacin da kuka yi tunanin waƙar ƙasa, me ke zuwa hankali? A gare ni, waƙa ce mai cike da ƙauna, jin daɗi daga dangi ko a tsakiyar filayen a cikin karkara. Ba za mu yi tunanin cewa a duk lokacin da muka ji waƙar ƙasa, za ta sa mu ji tsoro ko kuma mu zama masu bin wannan salon waƙar. Ko kuma wani suna da ka sani har yau shi ake kira waƙar Ƙasa. Ƙasa (wanda ake kira ƙasa da yamma) nau'in kiɗa ne wanda ya samo asali daga yankin kudancin Amurka, duka a Kudu da Kudu maso Yamma. Kiɗa na ƙasa, wanda aka fara samar da shi a cikin 1920s, ya mai da hankali kan rera waƙoƙin da ke ba da labarai game da rayuwar masu aiki da ma'aikata a Amurka. Yana da ban sha'awa sosai don ban yi tunanin cewa Amurkawa ƙasa ce mai ban sha'awa ba kuma tana da salon waƙa wanda koyaushe yana da kyau a cikin bambance-bambancen. Kuma abin da ya faru ke nan. Shin kai mai bin wannan nau'in kiɗa ne? Kuma me ya bani mamaki. A cikin 2009 a Amurka, kiɗan ƙasa shine aka fi sauraren kiɗan a lokacin gaggawa lokacin tafiya maraice kuma shine nau'i na biyu mafi shahara yayin zirga-zirgar safe kuma. An san kiɗan ƙasa don ballads da waƙoƙin raye-raye ("waƙoƙin honky-tonk") waɗanda ke da nau'i mai sauƙi da waƙoƙin jama'a. Kuma jituwa yawanci tana tare da kayan kida irin su banjo, fiddle, harmonica, da nau'ikan gita iri-iri (ciki har da acoustic, lantarki, ƙarfe, da gitar resonator). Ko da yake kiɗan ƙasa yana da tushensa a cikin kiɗan jama'ar Amurka a cikin nau'ikan irin su tsohon lokaci da Appalachian, wasu al'adu da yawa, irin su Mexican, Irish, da Hawaiian, suma sun yi tasiri ga halittarta. Yanayin blues daga blues kuma an yi amfani dashi sosai cikin tarihi. Tabbas, na yi imani cewa zuwa lokacin da kuka kai wannan matakin a cikin karatun ku, kuna iya ɗan jin daɗi game da yadda kowane nau'in yakan haɗa tarihi da al'adun gargajiya. Amma na yi imani daga nan ne aka fara danganta kusanci tsakanin dabi'u masu ra'ayin mazan jiya da kuma wakokin kasa na zamani, a matsayin martani ga yunkurin yaki da yaki na shekarun 1960. Har zuwa lokacin, kusan duk wa]ansu kade-kade, wadanda har zuwa wannan lokacin ake kiran kasar jama'a, ba su da wata manufa ta siyasa da ta dace, maimakon haka ta mayar da hankali kan matsalolin yau da kullum da damuwar ma'aikata. Kundin Merle Haggard na 1969 Okie daga Muskogee ya gabatar da kiɗan ƙasa tare da ra'ayin mazan jiya da siyasa, wanda ya shahara. Shugaban jam'iyyar Republican Richard Nixon ya kara karfafa wannan alaka ta kida mai ra'ayin mazan jiya a cikin shekarun da ya yi a ofis. Ya kasance akai-akai yana karbar bakuncin al'amuran don mawakan ƙasar, wanda aka ayyana Oktoba 1970 a matsayin Watan Waƙoƙin Ƙasa, kuma ya yi kira ga masu sauraron da suka ga kidan ƙasa a matsayin masu son siyasa. Duk da haka, ya zuwa yanzu, kiɗan ƙasa ya yadu zuwa ƙasashe da yawa a Asiya da wasu ƙasashe da yawa waɗanda ke kallon kiɗan ƙasa a matsayin tushen girmamawa koyaushe.
Lokacin da mutane da yawa suka ji nau'in kiɗan, kiɗan dutsen na iya sa mutane da yawa su yi tunanin cewa kiɗan dutse na iya samun labarai ko al'adu da ke tattare da shi, kuma ba abin mamaki ba ne cewa asalin waƙar dutsen ya samo asali ne daga Amurka da sunan "rock and roll" a ƙarshen 1940s da farkon 1950s kuma ya ci gaba zuwa nau'o'i daban-daban tun tsakiyar shekarun 1960 a Amurka, da kuma mafi yawan Amurka. Rock yana da tushensa a cikin dutsen da nadi, nau'in da ke zana kai tsaye daga nau'ikan kiɗan baƙi kamar blues, rhythm da blues, da ƙasa. Rock kuma nau'ikan nau'ikan irin su blues na lantarki da na jama'a suna tasiri sosai, kuma yana haɗa tasirin jazz da sauran salon kiɗan. Don kayan kida, dutsen yakan fi mayar da hankali ne kan gitar lantarki, wanda galibi wani bangare ne na rukunin dutsen da ke da gitar bass na lantarki, da ganguna, da mawaƙa ɗaya ko fiye. Rock yawanci waƙa ce da ke jaddada rera waƙa, tare da kari 4 da kuma amfani da aya da tsarin jituwa. Amma nau'in ya bambanta sosai. Kamar kiɗan kiɗan, waƙoƙin sun fi mayar da hankali kan soyayyar soyayya, amma kuma suna magana game da wasu jigogi da yawa, galibi na zamantakewa ko siyasa. Rock shine nau'in kiɗan da ya fi shahara a Amurka da kuma a duk faɗin yammacin duniya daga shekarun 1950 zuwa 2010. A tsakiyar shekarun 1960, mawakan dutsen sun fara tura kundi a kan guda ɗaya a matsayin mafi girman nau'in furci da amfani da su, tare da The Beatles ke jagorantar cajin. Ayyukansu ya kawo nau'in nau'in karbuwa na yau da kullun kuma ya haifar da tasirin kundin kundin shekarun da suka wuce a cikin masana'antar kiɗa. A ƙarshen shekarun 1960, dutsen gargajiya ya haifar da wasu subgheres, gami da hybrids kamar Rock na Psychedelic, wanda ya taimaka da ci gaban pysche. Sabbin nau'ikan nau'ikan sun fito, gami da dutsen ci gaba, wanda ya faɗaɗa abubuwan fasaha, ƙarfe mai nauyi, wanda ya jaddada sauti mai ƙarfi, da dutsen glam, wanda ya jaddada aiki da salon gani.
Idan ya zo ga nau'in kiɗa, rhythm da blues ba wani abu ne da mutane da yawa suka sani ba. Duk da haka, yawancin mutane sukan rage shi zuwa R&B ko R'n'B. Shahararren nau'in kiɗan ya samo asali ne a cikin al'ummar baƙar fata a cikin 1940s. Kamfanonin rikodi sun fara bayyana rikodin rikodin da aka sayar da su da farko ga baƙi. A lokacin hawan "nauyi, jazz-rock mai nauyi" a cikin shekarun 1950 da 1970, makada yawanci sun ƙunshi piano, guitar guda ɗaya ko biyu, bass, ganguna, saxophones ɗaya ko fiye, da kuma wani lokacin mawaƙa na madadin. Rubuce-rubucen R&B sau da yawa suna taƙaita tarihi da abubuwan da baƙar fata ke samu a Amurka, gami da zafi, neman yanci da farin ciki, da nasara da gazawa dangane da wariyar launin fata, zalunci, dangantaka, tattalin arziki, da burin zamantakewa. Ka ga, a ƙarshe muna da nau'in kiɗan da ke nuna yanayin rayuwar ƙungiyar a cikin al'umma mai tsanani da bambancin, haɗuwa da kowane nau'i na kiɗa kuma, ba shakka, yin "rhythm and blues" ya canza ma'anarsa sau da yawa. A farkon shekarun 1950, ana amfani da kalmar sau da yawa don rikodin blues. A tsakiyar shekarun 1950, bayan wannan waƙar ta taimaka wajen haɓaka dutsen da birgima, kalmar "R&B" ta zo a yi amfani da ita a cikin yanayi mai faɗi, yana nufin salon kiɗan da ya samo asali daga haɗakar blues, bishara, da rai. A cikin 1970s, "rhythm and blues" sun sake canzawa kuma an yi amfani da su azaman kalmar gamayya don rai da funk. Wani sabon salon kiɗan R&B ya haɓaka kuma an san shi da "R&B na zamani." Wannan salon zamani ya haɗa R&B tare da pop, disco, hip hop, rai, funk da kiɗan lantarki. R&B ana amfani da kundi na blues a lokacin. Marubuci kuma furodusa Robert Palmer ya ayyana rhythm da blues a matsayin "kalmar gamayya ga duk nau'ikan kiɗan da baƙar fata Amirkawa suka yi." Ya kuma yi amfani da kalmar "R&B" a matsayin ma'anar ma'anar tsalle-tsalle. Koyaya, AllMusic ya raba kalmar daga tsalle-tsalle saboda R&B yana da tasirin bishara mafi girma.[16] Lawrence Cohn marubucin Ba Komai sai Blues, ya rubuta cewa "rhythm and blues" wani lokaci ne na bargo da aka ƙirƙira don dacewa da masana'antar. A cewarsa, kalmar ta shafi dukkan wakokin bakaken fata, sai dai na gargajiya da na addini, sai dai idan wakar bishara ta sayar da ita sosai har zuwa karni na 21. An ci gaba da amfani da kalmar R&B (a wasu mahallin) don rarraba kiɗan da mawakan baƙar fata suka yi, dabam da salon da wasu mawaƙa suka yi. A cikin salon kasuwanci da kiɗan blues, waɗanda ke nuna shekarun 1950 zuwa 1970, makada yawanci sun ƙunshi piano, guitar guda ɗaya ko biyu, bass, ganguna, da saxophone. An sake nazarin shirye-shiryen ba da dadewa ba, kuma a wasu lokuta sun haɗa da mawaƙa na baya. Sauƙaƙe, sassa masu maimaitawa an haɗa su, suna haifar da ƙwaƙƙwal da wasa mai ƙwanƙwasa wanda ya haifar da laushi, launin rawaya, da sau da yawa na hypnotic yayin da yake jawo hankali ga muryoyin ɗaiɗaikun, ko da yake mawaƙa sun kasance cikin motsin rai tare da waƙoƙin, sau da yawa sosai. Amma sun kasance cikin sanyi, annashuwa, da sarrafawa. Ƙungiyar ta sanya kwat da riguna, al'adar da ke da alaƙa ita ce shahararriyar kiɗan da mawakan R&B ke burin mamayewa. Sau da yawa waƙoƙin suna da ban tsoro, kuma kiɗan galibi suna bin tsarin ƙira da ƙira. Waƙoƙin R&B sau da yawa suna tattara abubuwan da ke ɓacin rai na Baƙin Amurkawa. Wani littafin Smithsonian ya taƙaita asalin nau'in nau'in a cikin 2016: "Kiɗa na Afirka ta Amirka, musamman, zane a kan zurfin rassan furcin Ba'amurke na Afirka, haɗuwa ne na bishara, tsalle-tsalle, babban band swing, boogie, da blues wanda ya ci gaba a cikin shekaru talatin da suka wuce zamanin kiɗa na doka.
Ana amfani da kayan aikin lantarki da yawa a kusan kowane nau'in kiɗa. A cikin mashahurin kiɗan, kamar kiɗan rawa na lantarki, kusan duk sautin da aka yi rikodi na lantarki ne (misali bass synths, synthesizers, injin ganga). Haɓaka sababbin kayan aikin lantarki, masu sarrafawa, da masu haɗawa sun kasance yanki mai aiki da nau'i-nau'i na bincike. Taron kasa da kasa kan Sabbin Hanyoyin Sadarwa don Bayyanar Kiɗa, an gudanar da shi don bayar da rahoto game da aikin yankan-baki da kuma nuna masu fasaha waɗanda ke yin ko ƙirƙirar kiɗa tare da sabbin kayan aikin lantarki, masu sarrafawa, da masu haɗawa. Kuma yanzu don ƙarin bayani mai zurfi akan wannan batu na kiɗa. Wani babban sabon ci gaba shi ne zuwan kwamfutoci don manufar tsara kiɗa. Maimakon sarrafawa ko samar da sautuna, Iannis Xenakis ya fara aikin abin da ya kira Musique Stochastique, ko kiɗan bazuwar, hanyar tsara kiɗan da ke amfani da tsarin yuwuwar lissafi. An yi amfani da algorithms masu yiwuwa daban-daban don samar da ayyuka a cikin saitin sigogi. Xenakis ya yi amfani da takarda mai zayyana don taimakawa ƙididdige hanyoyin saurin glissandos don ƙungiyar makaɗarsa Metastasis (1953-54), amma daga baya ya juya zuwa kwamfutoci don abun da ke ciki, kamar ST/4 don string quartet da ST/48 don ƙungiyar makaɗa (duka 1962). Tasirin kwamfutoci ya ci gaba a cikin 1956 lokacin da Lejaren Hiller da Leonard Issacson suka haɗa Illiac Suite don string quartet. Wannan shine cikakken aikin farko na abun da ke taimakawa kwamfuta ta amfani da abun da ke ciki na algorithmic. A cikin 1957, Max Matthews na Bell Lab ya rubuta jerin MUSIC-N, shirin kwamfuta na farko don samar da raƙuman sauti na dijital ta hanyar haɗa kai tsaye. Daga nan sai Barry Vercoe ya rubuta MUSIC 11, bisa tsarin tsarin hada kiɗan na gaba na MUSIC IV-BF (daga baya ya zama csound, wanda har yanzu ana amfani da shi sosai). A tsakiyar 1980s, Miller Puckett na IRCAM ya haɓaka software na sarrafa siginar hoto don 4X wanda ake kira Max (bayan Max Matthews), kuma daga baya ya tura shi zuwa Macintosh (tare da Dave Ciccarelli ya ƙaddamar da shi don Opcode [39]) don sarrafa MIDI a ainihin lokacin, yana yin algorithmic abun da ke ciki damar samun dama ga yawancin mawaƙa tare da matsakaicin matakin kwamfuta.
Gidan kiɗan raye-raye ne na lantarki wanda ke da juzu'i mai maimaitawa huɗu da jimlar jimlar bugun 115-130 a cikin minti ɗaya. An yi imanin cewa lokacin da mutane da yawa suka ji wannan nau'in, sau da yawa suna tunanin cewa watakila an ƙirƙira shi ne ko kuma an halicce shi ta hanyar yin kida a gida ko na al'adun iyali ko kuma daga mutanen cikin gida. Amma a zahiri, wannan nau'in DJs da masu samar da kiɗa sun ƙirƙira su daga al'adun kulab ɗin karkashin kasa na Chicago kuma a hankali sun haɓaka a farkon zuwa tsakiyar 1980 lokacin da DJs suka fara canza kiɗan disco don samun ƙarin injin injin. A farkon 1988, House ya zama na al'ada kuma ya maye gurbin gabaɗaya rhythms na 80s. Idan muka haƙa zurfin zurfafa, a zahiri, a cikin mafi kyawun tsarinta, nau'in ƙyallen ne, ko kuma / ko slacks a cikin minti 120 zuwa 130, amma ba lallai ba ne, an yi liyafa, ko kuma ba lallai ba ne, da magana, ko a'a, ko samfurin muryoyin. A cikin gida, ana buga drum na bass a kan bugun 1, 2, 3, da 4, kuma ana amfani da gandun tarko, tafawa, ko kayan kida mafi girma akan bugun 2 da 4. Ƙaƙwalwar ganga a cikin kiɗan gida yawanci na'urorin drum na lantarki, yawanci Roland TR-808, TR-9070, ko TR-909, Ana amfani da tafawa, girgiza, ganguna, ko sautin hi-hat don ƙara daidaitawa. Riffs na sa hannu, musamman a farkon gidan Chicago, an gina su tare da tsarin tsagewa, wani lokacin tare da congas da bongos da aka ƙara don sautin Afirka. Ko bugun ƙarfe don jin Latin.
Kiɗa na raye-raye na lantarki A gaskiya, daga ina aka samo asalin nau'in kiɗan rawa na lantarki kuma ya samo asali daga? Daga marubucin, lokacin da aka haife ni, na ji nau'in kiɗan. Ya sanya ni ganin shi a matsayin wani abu na kasa da kasa wanda ya fito daga Turai kuma mutane sun san su kamar nau'in kiɗa (EDM) ko sunan da za a iya kira kiɗan rawa ko kiɗan da masu son rayuwar dare kuma suna sha'awar kiɗa, waƙar kulob. Tabbas, nau'ikan kiɗan kiɗan na lantarki ne da aka ƙirƙira don wuraren shakatawa na dare, raves da bukukuwan kiɗa. An samar da shi gabaɗaya don yin wasa ta DJs waɗanda suka ƙirƙiri zaɓin waƙoƙin da ba su dace ba da ake kira. DJ mix ta canza daga wannan rikodi zuwa wancan. Mai kula da shirye-shiryen, sau da yawa jarumin da ba a yi ba na duniya na EDM, shine mai tsarawa a bayan samar da wannan nau'in. EDM ba kawai yana iyakance ga ɗakin studio ba; yana zuwa da rai a cikin nau'in wasan kwaikwayo na raye-raye a wuraren kide-kide ko bukukuwa, tsarin da galibi ake kira PA mai rai. Magana game da karni tun lokacin da aka fara, EDM ya fadada. EDM ya zama sananne sosai a Turai a ƙarshen 1980s da farkon 1990s bayan fitowar raves, kiɗan rediyo na ɗan fashi, ƙungiyoyin girgije, bukukuwan ƙasa, da ƙarin sha'awar al'adun kulob. Koyaya, al'adar rav ba ta shahara a cikin Amurka. Gabaɗaya ba a saba gani ba a wajen al'amuran yanki a cikin New York City, Florida, Midwest, da California. Kodayake electro, gidan Chicago, da fasaha na Detroit sun rinjayi duka Turai da Amurka, kafofin watsa labarai na yau da kullun da masana'antar rikodin Amurka sun kasance a fili suna ƙin yarda da nau'in har zuwa 1990s da bayan haka. Haka kuma an sami karuwar wayar da kan jama'a game da alakar EDM da al'adun muggan kwayoyi, wanda ya jagoranci gwamnatocin jihohi da na birni wajen zartar da dokoki da manufofi da nufin dakile yaduwar al'adun gargajiya. Oh, wannan yana da ban sha'awa da ban mamaki a gare ni. Za a iya da gaske nau'ikan kiɗa suna nuna halin mutanen da suke saurarensu? Daga baya a cikin sabon karni, shaharar EDM ta girma a duk duniya, musamman a Amurka da Ostiraliya. A farkon 2010s, masana'antar kiɗa na Amurka da kafofin watsa labarai na kiɗa sun tura kalmomin "Kiɗa na raye-raye na lantarki" da maƙasudin "EDM" don sake fasalin al'adun rave na Amurka. Duk da yunƙurin masana'antu don sanya alama EDM a matsayin nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau’in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i)'i'i" yunƙurin yunƙurin yunƙurin yin amfani da acronym yana ci gaba da yin amfani da shi azaman laima don nau'o'i daban-daban, ciki har da rawa-pop, gida, fasaha, electro, da trance, da kuma sauran nau'o'in nau'i-nau'i. Dukansu sun riga sun kasance kafin gajarta. Haihuwar kowane nau'in kiɗan ba wai kawai yana da labari kuma ya samo asali a zamanin Samui ba, har ma yana nuna ƙimar amfani da kiɗa don warkar da ran ɗan adam kuma ya zama tarihi wanda na taƙaita a cikin labarin. Tarihi Music Music da Tarihin DJs Daban-daban nau'ikan EDM sun haɓaka a cikin shekaru 40 da suka gabata, ciki har da gida, fasaha, drum da bass, rawa-pop, da ƙari. Canje-canje masu salo a cikin nau'ikan EDM na yanzu na iya haifar da fitowar abin da aka sani da subgenres. Haɗin abubuwa na nau'i biyu ko fiye na iya haifar da fitowar sabon nau'in EDM gaba ɗaya.
Idan ya zo ga asalin nau'in kiɗan Dubstep, ƙila ba zai zama sananne ga masu sha'awar wannan nau'in kiɗan ba. Tare da bambancinsa da halayensa, yana kama da kiɗan rawa na lantarki wanda ya samo asali a Kudancin London a farkon 2000s. Wannan salon ya fito ne daga sashin kiɗan gareji a cikin Burtaniya, wanda ya haɗu da bugun 2-mataki da samar da dub mai laushi. A cikin Burtaniya, asalin wannan nau'in ya samo asali ne daga haɓakar yanayin jam'iyyar tsarin sauti na Jamaica a farkon 1980s. Ana siffanta Dubstep ta hanyar amfani da tsarin kari mai daidaitawa, fitattun layukan bass, da sautunan duhu. A shekara ta 2001, an fara baje kolin wannan sauti na karkashin kasa da wasu nau'ikan gareji da kuma tallata su a gidan rawa na Plastic People da ke Landan, a wurin taron 'Forward' (wani lokaci FWD>>), da kuma gidan rediyon 'yan fashin teku Rinse FM, wanda daga baya ya yi tasiri sosai wajen bunkasa wakar dubstep. Ƙwaƙwalwar Half-Time: Dubstep yakan yi amfani da raye-rayen da suke jin kamar rabin lokaci (ko da yake suna da sauri), kamar a cikin wannan misalin da ke bayyana cewa waƙar tana da 71 bpm tempo, wanda yake jin kamar rabin lokacin mafi sauri (142 bpm). Wannan yana ɗaya daga cikin dabarun da ke taimakawa haifar da tashin hankali da ƙarfi a cikin waƙar. Sub-Bass: Dubstep na musamman maras nauyi kuma mai kauri sautin bass yana da ƙarfi mai ƙarfi kuma ana iya jin jiki. Yin amfani da wannan ƙaƙƙarfan bass yana ba waƙar ƙarin zurfi da ƙarfi. Samfuran Yankakken: Dubstep yakan yi amfani da gajerun sauti, guntu ko "yanke" sautuna don ƙara sha'awa ga bugun da sauti, yana ba shi jin daɗi ko rashin daidaituwa. Ina tsammanin yayin da kake karanta wannan labarin, za ku fara gane cewa nau'o'in nau'o'in sau da yawa ana daidaita su kuma ana sarrafa su don ƙirƙirar sha'awar sha'awa ga masu sha'awar kiɗa, kuma wani abu ne na gaske na musamman wanda aka halicce shi a cikin nau'i na nau'i mai ganewa da kuma bambanta, kuma a, wani lokacin. Chops Vocal: Dubstep na iya samun muryoyin da aka yanke kuma an gurbata su, yana ba wa kiɗa zurfin zurfi da yanayi.
Menene waƙar Trap daga ina ta samo asali, kuma menene aka halicci wannan nau'in? Salon Da Ya Canja Waƙar Waƙar Tarkon Kiɗa ta fito a farkon 2000s, wanda ya samo asali daga Atlanta, Jojiya, Amurka. Kalmar “tarko” ta fito ne daga ma’amalar miyagun ƙwayoyi a Amurka, wanda shine ɗayan manyan jigogin da aka samu a cikin irin wannan kiɗan. Kiɗa na tarko yana da nau'ikan ganguna 808, hi-hat, tarko na tarko da naɗaɗɗen waƙa ko karin waƙa. An tsara waƙoƙin waƙoƙi ta hanya mai ban sha'awa. Wannan ya haifar da karuwar shahara a tsakanin masu fasahar hip-hop da furodusoshi daga wasu nau'ikan. Asalin Da Girman Kiɗan Tarko. An fara sanin tarko a kusa da 2003-2005. Masu fasaha na farko waɗanda suka taimaka ƙirƙira da haɓaka nau'in su ne TI, Gucci Mane, da Young Jeezy. Musamman, kundin kundin TI na 2003 Trap Muzik ya taka rawa wajen ayyana kalmar "Trap Music" a matsayin nau'i a hukumance.
Idan baku saba da salon wakokin jama'a a yau ba, zan dauke ku don yin nazari mai zurfi tare da takaitaccen bayani wanda marubuci da masu karatu za su samu tare. Mutane da yawa masu sauraron irin wannan kida sun yarda da haka. Waƙar jama'a wani nau'i ne da ke nuna al'adu da tsarin rayuwa, tare da tushensa a cikin al'adu da al'adun kowane yanki. Alal misali, waƙar jama'ar Irish 'The Parting Glass' ko kuma waƙar jama'ar Amirka 'This Land Is Your Land' suna ba da labarun mutane, hanyar rayuwarsu, imani, da kuma abubuwan da suka faru daga tsara zuwa tsara. Kuma idan muka yi magana game da ci gaban kiɗan jama'a, kiɗan jama'a yana wanzu a kowace ƙasa kuma an ci gaba bisa ga zamani. A karni na 20, wakokin jama'a sun farfado sosai, musamman a Amurka da Turai. Mawakan da suka taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen kawo Jama'a a cikin al'ada sune Bob Dylan, Joan Baez, da Woody Guthrie. Waƙar jama'a ba kawai nau'i ba ne, amma kayan aiki ne don ba da labari game da al'umma. Hanya ce da ake amfani da ita don nuna matsaloli da motsin zuciyar mutane a kowane zamani. Alal misali, an yi amfani da waƙoƙin jama'a don magance matsalolin zamantakewa kamar talauci, yaki, da yancin jama'a. Ko wakokin jama'a da ke nuna matsalolin zamantakewa, ko waƙoƙin gargajiya, ko kiɗan da aka haɗa su da kiɗan zamani, kiɗan jama'a har yanzu suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin masana'antar kiɗa a duk duniya kuma sun bazu sosai. Ba zan iya yarda cewa waƙar gargajiya ta zama na musamman kuma tana ba da labarun al'adu da ke jan hankalin masu sauraro. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa halayen kiɗan jama'a su ne waƙoƙin da ke ba da labarun mutane kamar soyayya, aiki, farin ciki da bakin ciki, da abubuwan tarihi.Tare da waƙoƙi masu sauƙi, kayan kida irin su guitars, violin, banjos, mandolins, da sarewa ana amfani da su sau da yawa. An ba da shi ta hanyar baki kafin a rubuta shi azaman bayanin kula ko rubuta a cikin zamani na zamani. Tare da irin waɗannan halaye na musamman na kowace ƙasa ta Irish ko al'adun gargajiya na Mutanen Espanya. flamenco music.Idan kun karanta wannan zuwa yanzu, kun riga kun dandana kuma kun gane cewa kiɗan gargajiya koyaushe yana da labarun da ke ɗauke da kuzari mai kyau.
Babu musun cewa tafiye-tafiye a duniya yana sa birni abin tunawa, kuma na yi imanin cewa idan ka yi tafiya zuwa kowace ƙasa ta kudu a Amurka, tabbas za ka saba da kiɗan Latin. Ko da ba ku saba da shi ba, mazauna gida da ƴan ƙasa waɗanda suka adana kiɗan gida tabbas za su iya gabatar muku da sautin kiɗan Latin. Kuma shi ya sa har yanzu waƙar Latin ta ci gaba da shahara kuma tana ƙara samun karbuwa ko da bayan sun ƙaura zuwa Amurka. Na yi imani za ku so irin wannan kiɗan kuma, saboda yana da shigar da harshen Sipaniya ko Fotigal, yana mai da shi sake ɗaukar hankali. Zamanin zinare na kiɗan Latin ya fara ne lokacin da A cikin 1997, NARAS ta kafa Kwalejin rikodin rikodin Latin (LARAS) a ƙoƙarin faɗaɗa ayyukanta a Latin Amurka da Spain. A cikin Satumba 2000, LARAS ta ƙaddamar da lambar yabo ta Latin Grammy, bikin ba da kyaututtuka daban-daban daga Grammy Awards. Masu shirya taron sun ce duniyar kiɗan Latin ta yi girma da yawa don shiga cikin Grammys. Michael Greene, tsohon shugaban NARAS, ya taɓa faɗi cewa nau'ikan salon kiɗan Latin sun rikitar da ƙirƙirar lambar yabo ta Latin Grammy. Lura cewa kawai abin da suke da shi shine yare, ana ba da lambar yabo ta Latin Grammy ga rikodin da aka buga a cikin Mutanen Espanya ko Fotigal, yayin da kungiyar ke mai da hankali kan kiɗa daga Latin Amurka, Spain, da Portugal. Tun daga ƙarshen 1990s, {asar Amirka ta ga karuwar girma a cikin yawan jama'arta na "Latinos" wani lokaci da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin 1960s daga rikitar da kalmar "Spanish" tare da mafi dacewa amma mafi mahimmancin kalmar "Hispanic" Jama'a a Amurka sun fara komawa ga duk kiɗan da ke nuna sautin Mutanen Espanya a matsayin "Latin music . An yi wa Mutanen Espanya raira waƙa a cikin kowane nau'i na Latin".
